In Java, access modifiers control the visibility and accessibility of classes, methods, and variables. There are four types of access modifiers:
01. public – The member is accessible from anywhere in the program.
02. private – The member is accessible only within the same class.
03. protected – The member is accessible within the same package and by subclasses (even in different packages).
04. default (no modifier) – The member is accessible only within the same package.